What is manual database system

Other expenses associated with accounting software include training and program maintenance. Expenses can add up fast with costs for printers, paper, ink and other supplies. A third difference between manual and computerized systems is the ease of backup of a computerized system. All transactions can be saved and backed up, in case of fire or other mishap. You cannot do this with paper records, unless you make copies of all pages--a long and inefficient process.

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You have a question? Ans: What is manual system or what is automatic system : The main difference between manual and computerized systems is speed. Ans: A system is an interrelated set of business procedures or components used within one business unit, working together for some purpose view more..

Ans: Functional Information System is based on the various business functions such as Production, Marketing, Finance and Personnel etc. These departments or functions are known as functional areas of business. Each functional area requires applications to perform all information processing related to the function view more..

Ans: Systems that are intended for use in real-world environments should be designed to function correctly in the widest possible range of circumstances and in the face of many possible difficulties and threats. Types Of Model : 1. Architectural models 3. Fundamental models view more.. Ans: A real-time system is any information processing system which has to respond to externally generated input stimuli within a finite and specified period A distributed system is one in which the components of an information system are distributed to multiple locations in a computer network.

Ans: Basic principle of successful system : 1. System should be of use for the user. Ready in time. Visible benefits 3. Maintained effectively 4.

Well documented view more.. Ans: The primary role of a systems analyst is to study the problems and needs ofan organization in order to determine how people, methods, and information technology can best be combined to bring about improvements in the organization.

A systems analyst helps system users and other business managers define their requirements for new or enhanced information services. Ans: Systems Analyst Duties: Defines application problem by conferring with clients; evaluating procedures and processes. Develops solution by preparing and evaluating alternative workflow solutions. Controls solution by establishing specifications; coordinating production with programmers. Validates results by testing programs. Ans: Change Agent: The analyst may be viewed as an agent of change.

A candidate system is designed to introduce change and reorientation in how the user organization handles information or makes decisions. Then, it is important that the user accepts change. Ans: Systems development methodology: A standard process followed in an organization to conduct all the steps necessary to analyze,design, implement, and maintaininformation systems. Systems development life cycle SDLC : The series of steps used to mark the phases of development for an information system.

Systems Analysis : Phase of the SDLC in which the current system is studied and alternative replacement systems are proposed. Internal documentation: System documentation that is part of the program source code or is generated at compile time.

Phase should not be considered complete until documentation is done. Coding should not be considered done unless its has required comment lines. Ans: There are various techniques to gather data and facts of system.

Ans: Feasibility studies are almost always conducted where large sums are at stake. Also called feasibility analysis. In each of these the data is stored in some particular order i. In dictionary, the words are arranged in alphabetic order along with their meanings. So that it becomes easier to search any word whose meaning is required. If this ordering would not have done, how could you find one word out of say 10, words.

Think of your own address directory where you keep the addresses and phone numbers of your near and dear ones and it is also a database. Consider a university management system having student data and teacher data can be maintained in the database by organizing the records of student in Student data file and records of teachers in Teacher data file as shown.

Now let us move one step ahead. What do we do with that database? There are so many operations like:. Insertion : To add new information. For example, the insertion of a new address of a friend in your address book. Updation : To modify or edit the existing information.

For example, your friend has shifted to a new place so his address would get changed. Deletion :. To removes or deletes the unwanted information. For example, your friend has purchased a new mobile connection and uses it for some time. Now, he stops using it. So his mobile number would have to be removed from list. Retrieval Operation : To view or retrieve the stored information.

Sort Operation : Arranging the information in a desired ascending or descending order etc. Manual database is the record keeping systems in which human being manage the whole database without the support of computers. It has got many problems. Let us take the most simple and basic examples to explain the problems with manual databases. Consider an example of address dictionary. One option is to buy a new O1J. The first option is obviously very tiring and time consuming and thinks of the second option.

Consider an example of accounts department of an organization. To make the salary calculations of the employees every month they are to keep the record of every employee and do a number of calculations such as addition of allowances like DA, HRA to the basic salary and to make several deductions as loan recoveries, income tax and insurance etc.

This whole procedure is repeated every month and is very tedious and laborious job. So, to waste the skills and intelligence of human beings on such repetitive calculations is not a wise decision.